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The concentration at which such a continu- ous system is formed is termed the percolation threshold.
Detailed theories of percolation consider the shape and concentration of the constituents, but in all cases the crucial question relates to the critical concentration pc, the percolation threshold, where the minority phase of the mixture forms a continuous network.
Assuming an electric-conducting nanocomposite - a two-phase mixture consisting of an insulating and an electrical conductive phase - the percolation threshold describes, in simple terms, the concentration of conductors required for the onset of electrical conductivity.
At concentrations below the percolation threshold, there is no electrical conductivity, whereas above the threshold conductivity is observed.
Above the percolation threshold pc, the electrical conductivity s is described by [14]:
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